At least two views of design activity are in step with the action-centric perspective. The two involve 3 common activities.
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A design procedure is a preferred philosophy which can or may not incorporate a aid for particular methods. Some are to guide the general target of the design. Different tactics are to guide the traits of the designer.
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In the reflection-in-action paradigm, designers trade among "framing", "making moves", and "evaluating moves". "Framing" refers to conceptualizing the problem, i.e., defining aims and objectives. A "move" is a tentative design decision. The evaluation approach could bring about added moves in the design.
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The rational model was independently developed by Herbert A. Simon,[8][9] an American scientist, and two German engineering design theorists, Gerhard Pahl and Wolfgang Beitz
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In the sensemaking–coevolution–implementation framework, designers trade between its three titular activities. Sensemaking contains both framing and comparing moves. Implementation is the method of creating the design object. Coevolution is "the approach wherein the design agent concurrently refines its intellectual image of the design item in accordance with its intellectual picture of the context, and vice versa"