At least two perspectives of design endeavor are consistent with the action-centric perspective. The two contain 3 common activities.
Strapping Machine for Coils – Itipack
A layout procedure is a general philosophy which may or may not include a aid for particular methods. Some are to steer the overall goal of the design. Different procedures are to steer the tendencies of the designer.
Landon Rapp Racing – Bando Champion
In the reflection-in-action paradigm, designers trade between "framing", "making moves", and "evaluating moves". "Framing" refers to conceptualizing the problem, i.e., defining aims and objectives. A "move" is a tentative layout decision. The evaluation approach might result in further moves in the design.
白雪希明 SKE48 Mail
The rational model was independently developed by Herbert A. Simon,[8][9] an American scientist, and two German engineering design theorists, Gerhard Pahl and Wolfgang Beitz
In the sensemaking–coevolution–implementation framework, designers exchange among its three titular activities. Sensemaking involves both framing and comparing moves. Implementation is the process of making the design object. Coevolution is "the approach where the design agent concurrently refines its intellectual picture of the design item based on its intellectual image of the context, and vice versa"
