At least two perspectives of layout undertaking are per the action-centric perspective. Both contain 3 ordinary activities.
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A design process is a preferred philosophy which may or won't include a guide for specific methods. Some are to lead the final target of the design. Different tactics are to lead the tendencies of the designer.
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In the reflection-in-action paradigm, designers trade among "framing", "making moves", and "evaluating moves". "Framing" refers to conceptualizing the problem, i.e., defining goals and objectives. A "move" is a tentative design decision. The analysis process could result in further moves within the design.
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The rational model was independently developed by Herbert A. Simon,[8][9] an American scientist, and two German engineering design theorists, Gerhard Pahl and Wolfgang Beitz
【声グラ10月号】水樹奈々さん連載「奈々が行く!!」は、10月7日
In the sensemaking–coevolution–implementation framework, designers alternate among its three titular activities. Sensemaking comprises the two framing and evaluating moves. Implementation is the process of constructing the design object. Coevolution is "the method wherein the design agent concurrently refines its intellectual image of the design item in accordance with its intellectual image of the context, and vice versa"