At least two views of design undertaking are in step with the action-centric perspective. Both involve 3 undemanding activities.
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A design process is a preferred philosophy which can or may not include a guide for particular methods. Some are to guide the final goal of the design. Other tactics are to guide the traits of the designer.
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In the reflection-in-action paradigm, designers exchange among "framing", "making moves", and "evaluating moves". "Framing" refers to conceptualizing the problem, i.e., defining goals and objectives. A "move" is a tentative layout decision. The evaluation approach might result in added strikes in the design.
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The rational model was independently developed by Herbert A. Simon,[8][9] an American scientist, and two German engineering design theorists, Gerhard Pahl and Wolfgang Beitz
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In the sensemaking–coevolution–implementation framework, designers trade among its 3 titular activities. Sensemaking involves both framing and evaluating moves. Implementation is the process of constructing the design object. Coevolution is "the procedure wherein the layout agent simultaneously refines its intellectual photograph of the design item based on its mental photograph of the context, and vice versa"
