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At least two views of layout endeavor are consistent with the action-centric perspective. Both involve three undemanding activities.
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A design procedure is a widespread philosophy which may or won't incorporate a guide for particular methods. Some are to lead the overall goal of the design. Other procedures are to guide the traits of the designer.
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In the reflection-in-action paradigm, designers exchange among "framing", "making moves", and "evaluating moves". "Framing" refers to conceptualizing the problem, i.e., defining goals and objectives. A "move" is a tentative layout decision. The evaluation process could lead to added moves within the design.
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The rational model was independently developed by Herbert A. Simon,[8][9] an American scientist, and two German engineering design theorists, Gerhard Pahl and Wolfgang Beitz
In the sensemaking–coevolution–implementation framework, designers alternate among its three titular activities. Sensemaking comprises both framing and evaluating moves. Implementation is the method of making the layout object. Coevolution is "the method in which the design agent concurrently refines its mental image of the design object based on its intellectual image of the context, and vice versa"