At least two views of design activity are in step with the action-centric perspective. Both involve 3 common activities.
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A design process is a preferred philosophy that could or won't include a aid for particular methods. Some are to lead the overall goal of the design. Other systems are to steer the traits of the designer.
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In the reflection-in-action paradigm, designers exchange among "framing", "making moves", and "evaluating moves". "Framing" refers to conceptualizing the problem, i.e., defining goals and objectives. A "move" is a tentative layout decision. The evaluation process might lead to further moves in the design.
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The rational model was independently developed by Herbert A. Simon,[8][9] an American scientist, and two German engineering design theorists, Gerhard Pahl and Wolfgang Beitz
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In the sensemaking–coevolution–implementation framework, designers trade among its 3 titular activities. Sensemaking comprises the two framing and comparing moves. Implementation is the method of constructing the layout object. Coevolution is "the approach in which the layout agent concurrently refines its mental picture of the layout object based on its mental picture of the context, and vice versa"
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