At least two views of design activity are in step with the action-centric perspective. Both contain 3 ordinary activities.
マンガ大賞2021は『葬送のフリーレン』に決定｜ニフティニュース
A layout procedure is a general philosophy which may or may not incorporate a guide for particular methods. Some are to steer the overall target of the design. Different tactics are to lead the developments of the designer.
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In the reflection-in-action paradigm, designers trade between "framing", "making moves", and "evaluating moves". "Framing" refers to conceptualizing the problem, i.e., defining goals and objectives. A "move" is a tentative design decision. The evaluation process might result in further strikes within the design.
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The rational model was independently developed by Herbert A. Simon,[8][9] an American scientist, and two German engineering design theorists, Gerhard Pahl and Wolfgang Beitz
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In the sensemaking–coevolution–implementation framework, designers alternate among its three titular activities. Sensemaking contains both framing and comparing moves. Implementation is the process of constructing the design object. Coevolution is "the method wherein the design agent simultaneously refines its mental picture of the design object in accordance with its mental image of the context, and vice versa"
