At least two views of design activity are per the action-centric perspective. The two contain 3 ordinary activities.
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A design procedure is a preferred philosophy that could or might not include a aid for particular methods. Some are to steer the overall target of the design. Different tactics are to lead the developments of the designer.
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In the reflection-in-action paradigm, designers exchange between "framing", "making moves", and "evaluating moves". "Framing" refers to conceptualizing the problem, i.e., defining aims and objectives. A "move" is a tentative design decision. The analysis procedure could bring about added strikes in the design.
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The rational model was independently developed by Herbert A. Simon,[8][9] an American scientist, and two German engineering design theorists, Gerhard Pahl and Wolfgang Beitz
In the sensemaking–coevolution–implementation framework, designers trade between its three titular activities. Sensemaking contains the two framing and comparing moves. Implementation is the process of constructing the layout object. Coevolution is "the approach wherein the layout agent concurrently refines its mental image of the design object in accordance with its mental photograph of the context, and vice versa"