At least two perspectives of design undertaking are in step with the action-centric perspective. Both involve 3 common activities.
「葬送のフリーレン」特集 有野晋哉（よゐこ）、浦井健治
A layout process is a preferred philosophy which can or may not incorporate a aid for specific methods. Some are to lead the overall target of the design. Different procedures are to lead the traits of the designer.
「葬送のフリーレン」特集 有野晋哉（よゐこ）、浦井健治
In the reflection-in-action paradigm, designers trade between "framing", "making moves", and "evaluating moves". "Framing" refers to conceptualizing the problem, i.e., defining goals and objectives. A "move" is a tentative layout decision. The analysis procedure could result in added moves within the design.
【葬送のフリーレン】フリーレン「何その銅貨？」 コミック
The rational model was independently developed by Herbert A. Simon,[8][9] an American scientist, and two German engineering design theorists, Gerhard Pahl and Wolfgang Beitz
【葬送のフリーレン 感想】長命なエルフが人間を知るために旅
In the sensemaking–coevolution–implementation framework, designers exchange between its three titular activities. Sensemaking contains both framing and evaluating moves. Implementation is the process of constructing the layout object. Coevolution is "the method wherein the design agent simultaneously refines its mental image of the layout object in keeping with its intellectual picture of the context, and vice versa"
