At least two perspectives of layout undertaking are in step with the action-centric perspective. The two involve 3 common activities.
地震情報 2020年07月29日 05時33分頃発生 最大震度：3 震源地：茨城
A layout process is a widespread philosophy which may or may not comprise a guide for specific methods. Some are to lead the final goal of the design. Different procedures are to lead the traits of the designer.
チリ地震大津波_昭和35年
In the reflection-in-action paradigm, designers alternate between "framing", "making moves", and "evaluating moves". "Framing" refers to conceptualizing the problem, i.e., defining aims and objectives. A "move" is a tentative layout decision. The analysis process may result in added moves in the design.
地震情報 2011年06月30日 08時16分頃発生 最大震度：5強 震源地
The rational model was independently developed by Herbert A. Simon,[8][9] an American scientist, and two German engineering design theorists, Gerhard Pahl and Wolfgang Beitz
濃尾地震（1891年）：時事ドットコム
In the sensemaking–coevolution–implementation framework, designers trade among its three titular activities. Sensemaking contains the two framing and evaluating moves. Implementation is the method of making the design object. Coevolution is "the procedure in which the layout agent concurrently refines its intellectual image of the layout object based on its intellectual image of the context, and vice versa"
