At least two perspectives of layout activity are consistent with the action-centric perspective. Both contain 3 common activities.
地震に強い家づくり【Part.1】 北陸型木の住まい研究会
A design process is a general philosophy which can or may not comprise a aid for specific methods. Some are to steer the general target of the design. Other procedures are to lead the developments of the designer.
濃尾地震（1891年）：時事ドットコム
In the reflection-in-action paradigm, designers alternate among "framing", "making moves", and "evaluating moves". "Framing" refers to conceptualizing the problem, i.e., defining aims and objectives. A "move" is a tentative design decision. The analysis approach could lead to added strikes in the design.
地震発生時の心得／佐世保市役所
The rational model was independently developed by Herbert A. Simon,[8][9] an American scientist, and two German engineering design theorists, Gerhard Pahl and Wolfgang Beitz
昭和三陸地震（1933年）：時事ドットコム
In the sensemaking–coevolution–implementation framework, designers exchange between its three titular activities. Sensemaking comprises both framing and comparing moves. Implementation is the process of making the layout object. Coevolution is "the approach in which the layout agent concurrently refines its mental photograph of the design item in keeping with its mental image of the context, and vice versa"
