At least two views of design activity are in step with the action-centric perspective. The two involve three undemanding activities.
星蘭ひとみ、トヨタ御曹司との出会いはミュージカル
A layout strategy is a widespread philosophy that could or might not comprise a guide for specific methods. Some are to steer the general goal of the design. Different tactics are to steer the tendencies of the designer.
「タカラヅカのオードリー・ヘップバーン」星蘭ひとみさんの
In the reflection-in-action paradigm, designers exchange among "framing", "making moves", and "evaluating moves". "Framing" refers to conceptualizing the problem, i.e., defining goals and objectives. A "move" is a tentative design decision. The evaluation process may lead to added moves within the design.
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The rational model was independently developed by Herbert A. Simon,[8][9] an American scientist, and two German engineering design theorists, Gerhard Pahl and Wolfgang Beitz
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In the sensemaking–coevolution–implementation framework, designers trade among its three titular activities. Sensemaking involves the two framing and comparing moves. Implementation is the method of constructing the design object. Coevolution is "the approach wherein the design agent concurrently refines its intellectual photograph of the design object based on its intellectual image of the context, and vice versa"
