At least two views of layout undertaking are in step with the action-centric perspective. The two involve 3 common activities.
【アゼルバイジャン】観光（ヘイダル・アリエフ・センター
A design procedure is a preferred philosophy which may or may not comprise a aid for particular methods. Some are to guide the general target of the design. Different tactics are to lead the tendencies of the designer.
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In the reflection-in-action paradigm, designers trade among "framing", "making moves", and "evaluating moves". "Framing" refers to conceptualizing the problem, i.e., defining aims and objectives. A "move" is a tentative layout decision. The analysis process may bring about added moves within the design.
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The rational model was independently developed by Herbert A. Simon,[8][9] an American scientist, and two German engineering design theorists, Gerhard Pahl and Wolfgang Beitz
アゼルバイジャン共和国の首都バクー │ 世界の旅・世界の教会
In the sensemaking–coevolution–implementation framework, designers exchange among its 3 titular activities. Sensemaking contains both framing and comparing moves. Implementation is the process of creating the design object. Coevolution is "the method where the design agent concurrently refines its intellectual picture of the layout item based on its intellectual photograph of the context, and vice versa"
