A design process is a general philosophy that could or won't include a aid for particular methods. Some are to guide the final target of the design. Other systems are to steer the developments of the designer.
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In the reflection-in-action paradigm, designers alternate among "framing", "making moves", and "evaluating moves". "Framing" refers to conceptualizing the problem, i.e., defining aims and objectives. A "move" is a tentative layout decision. The analysis procedure may lead to added moves in the design.
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The rational model was independently developed by Herbert A. Simon,[8][9] an American scientist, and two German engineering design theorists, Gerhard Pahl and Wolfgang Beitz
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In the sensemaking–coevolution–implementation framework, designers exchange among its three titular activities. Sensemaking involves both framing and evaluating moves. Implementation is the process of making the design object. Coevolution is "the approach in which the design agent concurrently refines its mental image of the layout object in keeping with its intellectual photograph of the context, and vice versa"