At least two perspectives of design activity are per the action-centric perspective. The two involve 3 common activities.
善光寺地震
A layout process is a widespread philosophy which may or might not include a guide for particular methods. Some are to steer the final target of the design. Other procedures are to guide the tendencies of the designer.
日本の原風景 : 地震から10日・避難所生活続く（長野県北部地震
In the reflection-in-action paradigm, designers trade among "framing", "making moves", and "evaluating moves". "Framing" refers to conceptualizing the problem, i.e., defining aims and objectives. A "move" is a tentative design decision. The analysis approach could lead to further moves within the design.
チリ地震大津波_昭和35年
The rational model was independently developed by Herbert A. Simon,[8][9] an American scientist, and two German engineering design theorists, Gerhard Pahl and Wolfgang Beitz
チリ地震大津波_昭和35年
In the sensemaking–coevolution–implementation framework, designers exchange among its three titular activities. Sensemaking involves the two framing and evaluating moves. Implementation is the method of creating the design object. Coevolution is "the procedure wherein the layout agent concurrently refines its mental picture of the design object based on its mental picture of the context, and vice versa"
