At least two views of layout undertaking are per the action-centric perspective. Both contain 3 common activities.
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A layout strategy is a widespread philosophy that could or won't incorporate a aid for particular methods. Some are to lead the overall target of the design. Other tactics are to steer the developments of the designer.
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In the reflection-in-action paradigm, designers exchange between "framing", "making moves", and "evaluating moves". "Framing" refers to conceptualizing the problem, i.e., defining aims and objectives. A "move" is a tentative layout decision. The evaluation approach could result in further moves in the design.
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The rational model was independently developed by Herbert A. Simon,[8][9] an American scientist, and two German engineering design theorists, Gerhard Pahl and Wolfgang Beitz
小関裕太、渡邊圭祐ら出演のアミューズ若手俳優による15周年
In the sensemaking–coevolution–implementation framework, designers exchange between its 3 titular activities. Sensemaking involves both framing and comparing moves. Implementation is the process of constructing the design object. Coevolution is "the approach wherein the design agent simultaneously refines its intellectual picture of the layout item in keeping with its intellectual photograph of the context, and vice versa"