At least two perspectives of design endeavor are per the action-centric perspective. The two involve 3 undemanding activities.
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A design procedure is a general philosophy which can or won't comprise a guide for specific methods. Some are to guide the final goal of the design. Different systems are to steer the tendencies of the designer.
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In the reflection-in-action paradigm, designers trade between "framing", "making moves", and "evaluating moves". "Framing" refers to conceptualizing the problem, i.e., defining goals and objectives. A "move" is a tentative layout decision. The analysis process might bring about further strikes in the design.
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The rational model was independently developed by Herbert A. Simon,[8][9] an American scientist, and two German engineering design theorists, Gerhard Pahl and Wolfgang Beitz
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In the sensemaking–coevolution–implementation framework, designers trade among its 3 titular activities. Sensemaking involves the two framing and evaluating moves. Implementation is the method of constructing the design object. Coevolution is "the method where the layout agent simultaneously refines its mental photograph of the layout item based on its mental image of the context, and vice versa"