At least two views of layout endeavor are per the action-centric perspective. The two contain three undemanding activities.
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A design strategy is a preferred philosophy which may or may not include a aid for specific methods. Some are to lead the general goal of the design. Different tactics are to guide the developments of the designer.
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In the reflection-in-action paradigm, designers trade among "framing", "making moves", and "evaluating moves". "Framing" refers to conceptualizing the problem, i.e., defining aims and objectives. A "move" is a tentative design decision. The analysis approach could lead to further strikes within the design.
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The rational model was independently developed by Herbert A. Simon,[8][9] an American scientist, and two German engineering design theorists, Gerhard Pahl and Wolfgang Beitz
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In the sensemaking–coevolution–implementation framework, designers exchange between its three titular activities. Sensemaking comprises both framing and evaluating moves. Implementation is the method of making the design object. Coevolution is "the method where the design agent simultaneously refines its intellectual image of the design item based on its mental image of the context, and vice versa"