At least two perspectives of layout undertaking are per the action-centric perspective. Both contain 3 undemanding activities.
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A design process is a general philosophy which can or may not comprise a guide for particular methods. Some are to guide the overall goal of the design. Other systems are to lead the traits of the designer.
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In the reflection-in-action paradigm, designers alternate between "framing", "making moves", and "evaluating moves". "Framing" refers to conceptualizing the problem, i.e., defining goals and objectives. A "move" is a tentative layout decision. The evaluation approach could bring about added strikes in the design.
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The rational model was independently developed by Herbert A. Simon,[8][9] an American scientist, and two German engineering design theorists, Gerhard Pahl and Wolfgang Beitz
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In the sensemaking–coevolution–implementation framework, designers alternate between its three titular activities. Sensemaking comprises both framing and evaluating moves. Implementation is the process of creating the layout object. Coevolution is "the procedure wherein the layout agent simultaneously refines its mental photograph of the design object in keeping with its mental photograph of the context, and vice versa"