At least two views of layout activity are in step with the action-centric perspective. The two contain three ordinary activities.
地震情報 2020年08月10日 09時24分頃発生 最大震度：2 震源地：千葉
A design strategy is a preferred philosophy which can or won't incorporate a guide for particular methods. Some are to lead the general goal of the design. Different systems are to guide the developments of the designer.
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In the reflection-in-action paradigm, designers trade between "framing", "making moves", and "evaluating moves". "Framing" refers to conceptualizing the problem, i.e., defining goals and objectives. A "move" is a tentative design decision. The evaluation approach might lead to further strikes in the design.
トルコ地震 死者29人に Sputnik 日本
The rational model was independently developed by Herbert A. Simon,[8][9] an American scientist, and two German engineering design theorists, Gerhard Pahl and Wolfgang Beitz
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In the sensemaking–coevolution–implementation framework, designers trade between its three titular activities. Sensemaking comprises both framing and evaluating moves. Implementation is the method of constructing the layout object. Coevolution is "the approach where the design agent concurrently refines its intellectual photograph of the design item in keeping with its intellectual image of the context, and vice versa"
