At least two perspectives of design undertaking are in step with the action-centric perspective. The two involve 3 common activities.
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A design procedure is a general philosophy which may or won't include a aid for particular methods. Some are to steer the general goal of the design. Other procedures are to steer the traits of the designer.
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In the reflection-in-action paradigm, designers exchange among "framing", "making moves", and "evaluating moves". "Framing" refers to conceptualizing the problem, i.e., defining goals and objectives. A "move" is a tentative layout decision. The analysis procedure may bring about added strikes within the design.
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The rational model was independently developed by Herbert A. Simon,[8][9] an American scientist, and two German engineering design theorists, Gerhard Pahl and Wolfgang Beitz
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In the sensemaking–coevolution–implementation framework, designers trade among its three titular activities. Sensemaking involves the two framing and evaluating moves. Implementation is the process of constructing the design object. Coevolution is "the method wherein the design agent concurrently refines its mental photograph of the design object based on its intellectual photograph of the context, and vice versa"
