At least two perspectives of design undertaking are per the action-centric perspective. The two contain three common activities.
マンガ大賞 :: NEWS
A layout strategy is a preferred philosophy which can or might not include a aid for specific methods. Some are to lead the final target of the design. Other procedures are to guide the developments of the designer.
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In the reflection-in-action paradigm, designers exchange between "framing", "making moves", and "evaluating moves". "Framing" refers to conceptualizing the problem, i.e., defining aims and objectives. A "move" is a tentative design decision. The evaluation procedure could lead to added moves in the design.
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The rational model was independently developed by Herbert A. Simon,[8][9] an American scientist, and two German engineering design theorists, Gerhard Pahl and Wolfgang Beitz
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In the sensemaking–coevolution–implementation framework, designers exchange between its three titular activities. Sensemaking involves the two framing and comparing moves. Implementation is the method of constructing the layout object. Coevolution is "the approach where the layout agent concurrently refines its intellectual picture of the layout object in keeping with its mental image of the context, and vice versa"
