At least two perspectives of design activity are per the action-centric perspective. The two contain 3 ordinary activities.
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A design procedure is a widespread philosophy that could or won't comprise a aid for particular methods. Some are to lead the final target of the design. Different systems are to steer the traits of the designer.
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In the reflection-in-action paradigm, designers alternate among "framing", "making moves", and "evaluating moves". "Framing" refers to conceptualizing the problem, i.e., defining goals and objectives. A "move" is a tentative design decision. The evaluation approach may bring about added strikes in the design.
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The rational model was independently developed by Herbert A. Simon,[8][9] an American scientist, and two German engineering design theorists, Gerhard Pahl and Wolfgang Beitz
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In the sensemaking–coevolution–implementation framework, designers alternate between its 3 titular activities. Sensemaking contains both framing and comparing moves. Implementation is the process of constructing the layout object. Coevolution is "the procedure in which the design agent simultaneously refines its intellectual picture of the layout object based on its intellectual picture of the context, and vice versa"