At least two views of design endeavor are per the action-centric perspective. The two contain 3 common activities.
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A layout procedure is a widespread philosophy that could or might not incorporate a aid for specific methods. Some are to lead the overall goal of the design. Different tactics are to steer the traits of the designer.
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In the reflection-in-action paradigm, designers exchange between "framing", "making moves", and "evaluating moves". "Framing" refers to conceptualizing the problem, i.e., defining aims and objectives. A "move" is a tentative design decision. The analysis procedure may lead to added strikes in the design.
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The rational model was independently developed by Herbert A. Simon,[8][9] an American scientist, and two German engineering design theorists, Gerhard Pahl and Wolfgang Beitz
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In the sensemaking–coevolution–implementation framework, designers exchange among its 3 titular activities. Sensemaking contains the two framing and evaluating moves. Implementation is the process of creating the design object. Coevolution is "the approach in which the layout agent simultaneously refines its mental photograph of the layout object in keeping with its mental picture of the context, and vice versa"
