At least two views of layout undertaking are consistent with the action-centric perspective. The two contain 3 common activities.
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A design procedure is a general philosophy which can or might not comprise a guide for specific methods. Some are to lead the final target of the design. Other systems are to lead the tendencies of the designer.
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In the reflection-in-action paradigm, designers trade among "framing", "making moves", and "evaluating moves". "Framing" refers to conceptualizing the problem, i.e., defining goals and objectives. A "move" is a tentative layout decision. The analysis process may bring about added strikes in the design.
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The rational model was independently developed by Herbert A. Simon,[8][9] an American scientist, and two German engineering design theorists, Gerhard Pahl and Wolfgang Beitz
[Photo] Your Requests are Reflected? SKE48 Request Hour Results from Day 2 of Winter 2015
In the sensemaking–coevolution–implementation framework, designers alternate among its 3 titular activities. Sensemaking involves the two framing and comparing moves. Implementation is the process of creating the layout object. Coevolution is "the method wherein the design agent simultaneously refines its intellectual picture of the layout object in accordance with its intellectual photograph of the context, and vice versa"
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